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Vietnamese President Nguyen Xuan Phuc and the Republic of Korea’s (RoK) President Yoon Suk-yeol witnessed the signing of a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) between Vietnam’s Ministry of Industry and Trade and the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy of the RoK, Seoul, December 2022

Could you tell us about the industry and trade sector’s 2022 achievements and contributions to Vietnam’s economic development?

In 2022, despite major adverse impacts and the COVID-19 pandemic, Vietnam experienced strong economic recovery and reached its macroeconomic targets. The country maintained macroeconomic stability, ensured major economic balances and reached high gross domestic product (GDP) growth. The industry and trade sector contributed significantly to those achievements by realizing or exceeding targets set by the National Assembly and the Government. Vietnam reached an Index of Industrial Production (IIP) of nine percent (almost double that in 2021), and a 21-percent increase in total retail sales of goods and service revenues (almost triple the 8-percent target). In the first 11 months of 2022, the country’s budget revenues were 16.1 and 17.4 percent higher than the target and the same period of 2021, respectively.

Industry continues to be a major driving force of the country’s economic growth. Vietnam has maintained its leading position among countries and territories in terms of international trade while ensuring smooth supply chains of goods for the domestic market. The Ministry of Industry and Trade overcame difficulties and suggested solutions to ensure petroleum supply.

Vietnam has renovated trade promotion and improved the operational efficiency of its trade offices abroad.

The industry and trade sector has ensured sufficient power supply for people’s daily life and production in the post-pandemic period, contributing to production resumption and economic recovery.

Implementation of free trade agreements (FTAs) that Vietnam has signed contributed to the country’s foreign trade, while trade remedies reached outstanding achievements, protecting domestic production and markets.

Vietnam reached a record high foreign trade value of US$732.5 billion (up 9.5 percent from 2021) and exported US$11.2 billion more than it imported in 2022 (almost triple that in 2021), contributing to the country’s trade balance, foreign reserve, and interest rate and macroeconomic stability. This is the seventh year in a row that Vietnam has logged a trade surplus.

Prime Minister Pham Minh Chinh (first left) and Minister of Industry and Trade Nguyen Hong Dien (second left) visit a booth at a Vietnam National Brand Program event

What were 2022 domestic market highlights?

In the post-pandemic period, the domestic market has recovered quickly and has done better than it did in the pre-pandemic period.

Domestic trade and shopping demand have grown well, while consumption stimulation programs, including trade promotion events, were held simultaneously throughout localities nationwide. Supply-demand connection was implemented efficiently, while goods prices were kept relatively stable, and domestic manufacturers were connected with leading distributors nationwide.

In 2022, Vietnam’s e-commerce market value was estimated at US$16.4 billion, accounting for 7.5 percent of the country’s sales of goods and service revenues. With an annual increase of 20 percent, Vietnam was ranked fifth among countries worldwide in terms of e-commerce growth by eMarketer.

The industry and trade sector are assisting businesses in different localities to promote supply-demand connections and find new product sources. Many large distribution systems have increased goods stockpiles and launched trade promotion programs to meet the growing demand for goods in the final weeks of the lunar year.

Prime Minister Pham Minh Chinh (third left, standing) and Ministry of Industry and Trade leaders visit the Thai Binh Thermoelectric Plant 2

What are the industry and trade sector’s 2023 tasks, targets and solutions?

In the context of the complicated and unpredictable international situation, the Ministry of Industry and Trade will focus on the following key tasks.

The ministry will further efficiently follow and realize guidelines and policies of the Party and the State, especially those related to industrial and trade development, renovate and improve institution building (focusing on industrial development and policies), prepare action plans for and realize socioeconomic development and investment environment and national competitiveness improvement, while keeping eye on international and domestic situations to suggest relevant responses.

The sector will accelerate its restructuring based on science, technology, innovation and digitalization, speed up key infrastructure projects, simplify administrative procedures for new production and mining projects, provide suggestions for international economic integration, especially policies on foreign direct investment (FDI) attraction in the industry and trade sector, encourage FDI enterprises to support, transfer technology and share management expertise with domestic enterprises, and form supply chains of materials, improving the competitiveness of Vietnamese enterprises and their participation in global production and supply chains.

The ministry will consistently and efficiently implement free trade agreements, increase cooperation with potential neighboring markets, and assist localities and businesses to expand and diversify markets, supply chains, imports and exports, and focus on branding and sustainable export development.

Other tasks and solutions include developing domestic trade, combining traditional with modern trade, efficiently exploiting the potential of the country’s 100 million domestic consumers, closely monitor supply, demand, prices and markets of essential commodities, improve market inspection and control, combat smuggling, trade fraud, origin fraud, and unfair competition, better trade remedies, ensure a healthy and equal business and production environment for enterprises, and protect production and consumer interests in compliance with international commitments.

The sector will strengthen administrative disciplines, improve management and administration efficiency, innovate working styles and methods, accelerate administrative reform to encourage investors, producers and traders, promote information technology application, and continue building its e-government.

With certain headwinds predicted for the global economy in 2023, Vietnam too, faces considerable challenges. But opportunities are also significant if concerted and appropriate solutions are taken, an expert has said.Vietnam has to deal with one major external challenge and two internal ones, Dr Pham Sy Thanh, Director of the Chinese Economic Studies Programme under the Vietnam Institute for Economics and Policy Research, told the Vietnam News Agency.

The external challenge is a strong decline in demand for Vietnamese exports. Many export sectors with revenue of over 1 billion USD like wood and apparel recorded their earnings in October and November 2022 falling 30 – 40% year on year and month on month. This indicates that foreign markets are no longer open or attractive enough for exports in 2023.

Export contraction will have a huge impact on many social issues, especially lay-offs, job shortages, and unemployment in industrial parks, he pointed out.

Cargo containers are loaded at Tan Cang – Cat Lai Terminal in Thu Duc city, Ho Chi Minh City.

Among internal challenges, the first is that the handling of wrongdoings in the bond market and the banking system has caused serious disruptions and congestion of the capital flow. Meanwhile, the cost of capital is one of tough barriers to production and business activities, but it is nothing in comparison with the lack of capital or the inaccessibility to capital.

Thanh considered these as immediate difficulties that require strong solutions from the Government so that businesses can gain the fastest access to capital sources with reasonable interest rates.

However, he noted, Vietnamese exporters also have big opportunities to win contracts from partners who used to place orders in China. The shift of supply chains out of the world’s second biggest economy to Vietnam is also accelerating as seen in recent moves by Foxconn, Apple, Adidas, and Samsung.

In Southeast Asia, Vietnam is emerging as one of the go-to places where big enterprises choose to build research and development centres.

To capitalise on those advantages, Vietnam should make concerted efforts, the expert recommended, elaborating that it should have better industrial and office infrastructure. It should also further develop the nation’s transport system accordingly to minimise traffic congestion.

In addition, to have better industrial, office, and transport infrastructure, the policies for handling economic wrongdoings should also open “green lanes” for businesses and localities to make new investment decisions.

Another important measure is dealing with problems of the bond market and the banking system to smoothly carry out monetary and fiscal policies. Particularly, authorities should further prioritise fiscal policy instead of focusing only on the monetary. This will open up more economic development opportunities and optimise advantages when other economies have yet to return to their “orbits”, according to Thanh.

Growth exceeds forecast

In 2022, the positive growth of the Vietnamese economy exceeded the forecasts of domestic and foreign economists and organizations. In the first three quarters of the year, Vietnam’s gross domestic product (GDP) increased 8.83 percent compared with the same period of 2021 – the highest nine-month GDP growth since 2011. Notably, in the third quarter, according to data from the General Statistics Office of Vietnam, the GDP grew 13.67 percent year-on-year. The 2022 annual GDP growth was forecast to reach eight percent, exceeding the 6.5 percent target set by the National Assembly and the Government.

Vietnam’s 2022 economic growth was attributed first of all to the Government’s management efforts. Notably, Vietnam received global recognition for its flexibility in coping with the COVID-19 pandemic and vaccinations. In October 2021, the Government issued Resolution 128/NQ-CP on safe and flexible adaption to COVID-19, reopening the economy for recovery and resuming growth.

In 2022, the Government also maintained macroeconomic stability. In the context of unprecedented inflation in many countries, Vietnam successfully curbed the inflation rate at below four percent. The participation in new-generation free trade agreements (FTAs) has helped Vietnam maintain and even increase exports despite the impact of China’s Zero COVID policy on exports to this market. The 2022 annual import-export value is predicted to reach US$700 billion, a new record compared with US$668.5 billion in 2021.

However, the impressive economic growth of the first three quarters of 2022, especially the third quarter, can hardly be maintained in 2023 and ensuing years. In the fourth quarter of 2022, Vietnam’s GDP growth slowed down. To achieve the 6.5-percent growth target set by the National Assembly for 2023, the Government, ministries and localities should take timely and flexible measures in response to changes in the domestic and global economic situation.

Driving force for 2023 growth

To maintain macroeconomic stability in 2023, Vietnam is pursuing the goal of curbing inflation at below 4.5 percent. However, inflation control requires tightened fiscal and monetary policies, which will hinder business access to capital resources for production expansion. Therefore, flexible inflation control is necessary to promote economic growth in 2023.

The business community contributes significantly to Vietnam’s economic growth. To facilitate business operations, the government, ministries and localities should further improve the investment and business environment, restrict inspections and create favorable conditions for business access to loans with low interest rates. Reducing land rent and taxes for businesses through the Government’s Economic Recovery and Development Program is one of the measures to help Vietnam maintain economic growth in 2023 and ensuing years.

Notably, it is necessary to accelerate public investment disbursement due to its heavy impact on the entire economy, the liquidity of credit institutions and business access to capital resources.

The 2022 annual GDP growth was forecast to reach eight percent, exceeding the 6.5 percent target set by the National Assembly and the Government.

In the year, trade with the continent accelerated to US$153.9 billion, representing a year-on-year increase of 10.7 percent. In which, Viet Nam’s exports to America reached US$128.2 billion, up 12.4 percent and its imports reached $25.7 billion, up 3 percent on-year.

Trade between Viet Nam and major markets in the Americas saw stable growth, such as that with the U.S. up 11 percent, Brazil up 6.6 percent, Canada up 16.5 percent, Mexico up 7.1 percent, Chile up 9 percent, and Argentina up 8.3 percent.

For the U.S. market, the two-way trade trade turnover increased by 11 percent to US$123.86, of which Viet Nam’s exports to the U.S. hit US$109.4 billion, up 13.6 percent compared to 2021.

Deputy Minister of Industry and Trade Do Thang Hai said that 2023 would continue to be a challenging year, thus market situation should be closely monitored and more solutions needed to maintain and expand export markets.

First ‘Dien’ pomelos from the northern province of Hoa Binh are available on the shelves of Longdan supermarkets in the United Kingdom

In the coming time, between 30 and 50 tons of this type of rice will be shipped to the European market every month.

The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development announced that the nation exported nearly 7.3 million tons of rice last year, earning US$3.54 billion, up 6.9 percent.

Viet Nam still has many opportunities to increase the export of agricultural products, including fruits and vegetables, to the EU as it is the only country in the Asia Pacific region that has a free trade agreement with the EU.

After the European-Viet Nam Free Trade Agreement (EVFTA) came into effect, the tax rate for many kinds of Vietnamese fruit and vegetables was reduced from 10-20 percent to zero.

The country has exported many kinds of fruits to the EU, including dragon fruit, passion fruit, coconut, durian, longan, lychee, mangosteen, and seedless lemon.

Earlier, the first batch of 11 tons of Dien pomelo from the Yen Thuy district was transported to the United Kingdom on February 9 by Longdan, the largest importer of Vietnamese products in this country.

Viet Nam has emerged as a major Southeast Asian supplier of farm produce and aquaculture products to the UK since the UK-Viet Nam Free Trade Agreement (UKVFTA) came into force on May 1, 2021.

As part of the UKVFTA, some 85.6 percent of tariff lines for goods imported by the UK from Viet Nam were eliminated in January 2021, and 99.2 percent will be removed by January 2027, according to the UK Department for International Trade.

The UK imports from Viet Nam amounted to US$6.06 billion last year, rising by 5.2 percent over 2021, reported the General Department of Viet Nam Customs.